PIANC decided, therefore, to form a Working Group under MarCom to formulate guidelines for the design of berm breakwaters. ![]() However, the results of this research and practical experience is scattered throughout the literature. Hence, the berm breakwater can be constructed with commonly available heavy construction equipment and from local quarry sites at a cheaper cost.Īlong with the experience gained in the construction of the berm breakwaters now built, a substantial amount of research on different aspects of the concept has been carried out. The primary advantage of the berm breakwater is that the armour stones are smaller than in a conventional rubble mound breakwater. Since that time, many berm breakwaters have been built in Iceland and throughout the world. ![]() The concept was also used later for the design of the berm breakwater at Keflavik, Iceland in 1983 (Baird and Woodrow, 1987). The berm breakwater concept is fairly old, but was not used very much until the 1980's when it wasĮinvented"" to provide wave protection for an airport runway extension into the sea in Dutch Harbor, Alaska in the Aleutian Islands (Rauw, 1987). The types of breakwaters treated in these manuals and reports have mainly been conventional rubble mound breakwaters and caisson type breakwaters. Manuals and guidelines for different types of breakwaters and coastal structures have been issued before this time, e.g.
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